4/26/2023 0 Comments Orbital orbital 2 rar![]() In addition, pretreatment of OFs with thiophenecarboxamide (TPCA-1) inhibits retinoid-induced MCP-1 induction, suggesting an NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells)–dependent mechanism. We performed retinoic acid treatment on both normal and TED patient–derived orbital fibroblasts (OFs) followed by mRNA and protein isolation, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, RNA sequencing, and Western blot analyses.īoth normal and TED patient–derived OFs display robust induction of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) upon retinoid treatment TED OFs secrete significantly more MCP-1 than normal OFs. ![]() Whereas the pathology of both TED and GD is driven by autoantibodies, it is unclear why symptoms manifest specifically in the orbit. The most prevalent of these conditions, thyroid eye disease (TED), occurs in up to 50% of patients with Graves’ disease (GD). The orbit displays unique vulnerability to inflammatory conditions.
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